Recombinant Human TGF-¦Â1/TGF-beta 1, CYT-P01137

Product Introduction

Transforming Growth Factor-beta 1 (TGF-¦Â1) is one of three closely related mammalian members of the large TGF-beta superfamily that share a characteristic cystine knot structure. TGF-¦Â1, -2 and -3 are highly pleiotropic cytokines that act as cellular switches regulating processes such as immune function, proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Each TGF-beta isoform has non-redundant functions; mice with targeted deletion of TGF-¦Â1 show defects in hematopoiesis and endothelial differentiation, and die of overwhelming inflammation. TGF-¦Â is activated from latency by pathways that include actions of the protease plasmin, matrix metalloproteases, thrombospondin 1 and a subset of integrins. Mature human TGF-¦Â1 shares 100% amino acid identity with pig, dog and cow TGF-¦Â1, and 99% amino acid identity with mouse, rat and horse TGF-¦Â1.

Product Features

1. Native Disulfide-Linked Homodimer: Two 112 amino acid glycosylated polypeptide chains with characteristic cystine knot structure.

2. High Purity: >97% by SDS-PAGE analyses.

3. High Biological Activity: ED50 of 0.04-0.2 ng/mL as measured by inhibition of IL-4-dependent proliferation of HT-2 mouse T cells.

4. CHO Cell Expression: Produced in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells with proper glycosylation.

5. Low Endotoxin: <0.1 EU/¦Ìg as determined by LAL method.

Specifications

Size: Available in 2 µg, 5 µg, 10 µg, and 100 µg

Source: Chinese Hamster Ovary cell line (CHO)

Molecular Weight: Apparent molecular mass of 24 kDa in SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions, 12 kDa under reducing conditions (disulfide-linked homodimer)

Amino Acid Sequence: Ala279-Ser390; Accession # P01137

Purity: >97% by SDS-PAGE

Biological Activity: ED50 of 0.04-0.2 ng/mL as measured by inhibition of IL-4-dependent proliferation of HT-2 mouse T cells. Specific activity is approximately 2.5 ¡Á 10⁴ U/¦Ìg, calibrated against human TGF-¦Â1 standard.

Endotoxin: <0.1 EU/¦Ìg (LAL method)

Physical Appearance: Sterile filtered white lyophilized powder

Formulation: Lyophilized from 0.2 ¦Ìm filtered concentrated solution in 35% Acetonitrile and 0.1% TFA.

Storage and Stability

Storage Conditions: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Shelf Life:

- 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70¡ãC as supplied.

- 1 month, 2 to 8¡ãC under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

- 3 months, -20 to -70¡ãC under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Protocol (For Reference Only)

Important: Centrifuge the vial briefly before opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute under aseptic conditions.

1. Reconstitution: Reconstitute in sterile 4 mM HCl to a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL. Allow to dissolve completely with gentle mixing.

2. Aliquoting: Apportion stock solutions into working aliquots and store at ¡Ü -20¡ãC.

3. Further Dilution: Further dilutions should be made in appropriately buffered solutions.

4. Activity Assay: The biological activity can be measured by inhibition of IL-4-dependent proliferation of HT-2 mouse T cells. The ED50 for this effect is 0.04-0.2 ng/mL.

5. Working Concentration: Optimal working concentrations should be determined empirically for each cell type and experimental system.

Precautions

1. Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

2. Reconstitute in sterile 4 mM HCl as recommended; do not use neutral buffers for reconstitution.

3. Stock solutions should be apportioned into working aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

4. TGF-¦Â1 is a pleiotropic cytokine; biological responses may vary between cell types.

5. For research use only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.

FAQ (Simplified)

Q1: How should I reconstitute TGF-¦Â1?

A1: Reconstitute in sterile 4 mM HCl to a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL. Do not use neutral buffers for reconstitution as TGF-¦Â1 has low solubility at neutral pH.

Q2: What is the specific activity of this protein?

A2: The specific activity is approximately 2.5 ¡Á 10⁴ U/¦Ìg, calibrated against human TGF-¦Â1 standard. The ED50 for inhibition of IL-4-dependent HT-2 cell proliferation is 0.04-0.2 ng/mL.

Q3: How does this TGF-¦Â1 compare across species?

A3: Mature human TGF-¦Â1 shares 100% amino acid identity with pig, dog and cow TGF-¦Â1, and 99% identity with mouse, rat and horse TGF-¦Â1.

Q4: What is the molecular structure of this protein?

A4: TGF-¦Â1 is a disulfide-linked homodimer of two 112 amino acid glycosylated polypeptide chains. It appears at approximately 24 kDa under non-reducing conditions and 12 kDa under reducing conditions on SDS-PAGE.

Disclaimer

1. For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.

2. Due to the variable nature of biological research, optimization of working concentrations is recommended for specific cell types and experimental systems.

3. This warranty is limited to the replacement of the product. The manufacturer assumes no liability for incidental or consequential damages, including loss of samples or data.

4. Wear appropriate protective clothing and gloves when handling this product.

Ordering Information

Catalog Number: CYT-P01137

Product Name: Recombinant Human TGF-¦Â1/TGF-beta 1

Size: 2 µg / 5 µg / 10 µg / 100 µg

Suggested Retail Price:

2 µg: CNY ¥1500.00 / USD $150.00 / EUR €180.00 / JPY ¥27000.00

5 µg: CNY ¥1850.00 / USD $185.00 / EUR €222.00 / JPY ¥33300.00

10 µg: CNY ¥2960.00 / USD $296.00 / EUR €355.20 / JPY ¥53280.00

100 µg: CNY ¥9600.00 / USD $960.00 / EUR €1152.00 / JPY ¥172800.00

Note: The specific price is subject to the transaction price in the offline contract. This document is provided for technical reference only and does not constitute any form of sales advertisement or invitation to offer. For product details and purchase inquiries, please contact local sales representatives.