Product Introduction
This product is a one-step TUNEL (TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling) apoptosis detection kit designed for the detection of apoptotic cells by labeling DNA strand breaks with green fluorescence. During apoptosis, activation of endonucleases leads to cleavage of genomic DNA, generating DNA strand breaks with exposed 3''''-hydroxyl (3''''-OH) termini. The TUNEL assay utilizes terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) to catalyze the incorporation of fluorescein-labeled dUTP onto the 3''''-OH ends of fragmented DNA. This method enables the identification and quantification of apoptotic cells at the single-cell level by fluorescence microscopy or flow cytometry. The one-step format simplifies the workflow by combining the TdT enzyme and labeled nucleotide in a single reaction mixture, reducing handling steps and improving reproducibility. The green fluorescence label is compatible with standard FITC filter sets and 488 nm laser-equipped instruments.

Product Features
1. One-Step Protocol: TdT enzyme and labeled nucleotide provided as a single reaction mixture, simplifying workflow.
2. Green Fluorescence Detection: Compatible with standard FITC filter sets and 488 nm laser instruments.
3. High Sensitivity: Detects early apoptotic DNA strand breaks at the single-cell level.
4. Versatile Application: Suitable for fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry.
5. Ready-to-Use Kit Format: Includes all necessary reagents for a complete TUNEL assay.

Specifications
Size: 20 tests
Detection Method: Fluorescence microscopy or flow cytometry
Fluorophore: Fluorescein (FITC)
Excitation/Emission: ~488 nm / ~520 nm
Application: Apoptosis detection in cells and tissue sections

Storage and Stability
Storage Conditions: Store kit components at -20¡ãC, protected from light. The TdT enzyme and labeled nucleotide are particularly sensitive to repeated freeze-thaw cycles; aliquot upon first use.
Shelf Life: The product is stable for 12 months from the date of manufacture when stored as directed.

Protocol (For Reference Only)
Important: Protect fluorescent reagents from light. Fix cells or tissue sections before TUNEL staining. Include positive and negative controls.
1. Sample Preparation: Prepare cell smears, cytospin preparations, or tissue sections. Wash with PBS. Fix with 4% paraformaldehyde for 15-20 minutes at room temperature. Wash with PBS.
2. Permeabilization: Permeabilize cells or sections with 0.1-0.2% Triton X-100 in PBS for 5-10 minutes on ice. Wash with PBS.
3. TUNEL Reaction: Add sufficient one-step TUNEL reaction mixture to cover the sample. Incubate at 37¡ãC for 60 minutes in a humidified chamber protected from light.
4. Washing: Wash samples 3 times with PBS.
5. Counterstaining and Mounting (optional): Counterstain nuclei with DAPI or Hoechst 33342 if desired. Mount with anti-fade mounting medium.
6. Detection: Visualize apoptotic cells under a fluorescence microscope using a FITC filter set (green fluorescence), or analyze by flow cytometry using a 488 nm laser.

Precautions
1. Protect fluorescent reagents from light throughout the procedure.
2. Include positive and negative controls to validate assay performance.
3. Avoid over-fixation or over-permeabilization, which may cause false-positive or false-negative results.
4. For research use only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.

FAQ (Simplified)
Q1: What is the detection principle of TUNEL?
A1: TUNEL detects DNA strand breaks by using TdT to incorporate fluorescein-labeled dUTP onto the 3''''-OH ends of fragmented DNA in apoptotic cells.
Q2: Can this kit be used for tissue sections?
A2: Yes. The kit is suitable for both cell preparations and tissue sections.
Q3: What controls should I include?
A3: Include a positive control (e.g., DNase I-treated sample) and a negative control (sample without TdT enzyme).

Disclaimer
1. For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.
2. This warranty is limited to the replacement of the product. The manufacturer assumes no liability for incidental or consequential damages.
3. Wear appropriate protective clothing and gloves when handling this product.

Ordering Information
Catalog Number: IC-6508
Product Name: One-Step TUNEL Apoptosis Detection Kit (Green Fluorescence)
Size: 20 tests
Suggested Retail Price: CNY ¥2800.00 / USD $280.00 / EUR €336.00 / JPY ¥50400.00
Note: The specific price is subject to the transaction price in the offline contract. This document is provided for technical reference only and does not constitute any form of sales advertisement or invitation to offer. For product details and purchase inquiries, please contact local sales representatives.